How does sodium bicarbonate extinguish a fire?

     Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is an effective fire suppressant because it can decompose at high temperatures to form a number of products that are able to extinguish fires. When sodium bicarbonate is heated, it decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water vapor, and carbon dioxide. The water vapor and carbon dioxide act to smother the fire by depriving it of oxygen, while the sodium carbonate helps to cool the fuel and reduce the risk of re-ignition.

     Sodium bicarbonate is often used as a fire suppressant in conjunction with other agents, such as water or foam, to enhance its fire-extinguishing capabilities. For example, when sodium bicarbonate is mixed with water, the heat of the fire can cause the mixture to release carbon dioxide gas, which can help to extinguish the fire by reducing the oxygen available to the fuel. Similarly, when sodium bicarbonate is mixed with foam, the foam can help to spread the sodium bicarbonate over a larger area, increasing its effectiveness at extinguishing the fire.